Aside from being one of the largest of the known carnivorous dinosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex — T. rex, for short — is the dinosaur that has arguably received the most media exposure. It had a starring role in the "Jurassic Park" movies and has a renowned exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

The name Tyrannosaurus rex means "king of the tyrant lizards": "tyranno" means tyrant in Greek; "saurus" means lizard in Greek, and "rex" means "king" in Latin. In 1905, Henry Fairfield Osborn, president of the American Museum of Natural History at the time, named Tyrannosaurus rex.T. rex was a member of the Tyrannosauroidea family of huge predatory dinosaurs with small arms and two-fingered hands.Tyrannosaurus rex, or “Tyrant Lizard”, one of the largest dinosaurs to have walked the earth, lived 70 million years ago in what is now North America. Weighing in at 7.5 tons, standing 15-20 feet tall and 40 feet long.

T. rex was a fierce predator! This dinosaur’s massive jaws were lined with 50-60 serrated teeth, some measuring 9 inches long. Preserved bone and muscle fragments in T. rex feces show that it took big, bone-crushing bites consuming up to 500 lbs of meat in one bite! Its 4-foot-long jaws were big enough to swallow an adult human!See this massive meat-eater along with seven other dinosaur species at Dinosaurs Come to Life, a special outdoor exhibit at Clyde Peeling’s Reptiland. Due to its popularity, Dinosaurs Come to Life has been extended through the end of October 2011.

The identification of several specimens as juvenile T. rex has allowed scientists to document genetic changes in the species, estimate the lifespan, and determine how quickly the animals would have grown. The smallest known individual (LACM 28471, the "Jordan theropod") is estimated to have weighed only 30 kg (66 lb), while the largest, such as FMNH PR2081 (Sue) most likely weighed about 5,650 kg (12,460 lb). Histologic analysis of T. rex bones showed LACM 28471 had aged only 2 years when it died, while Sue was 28 years old, an age which may have been close to the maximum for the species.Histology has also allowed the age of other specimens to be determined. Growth curves can be developed when the ages of different specimens are plotted on a graph along with their mass. A T. rex growth curve is S-shaped, with juveniles remaining under 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) until approximately 14 years of age, when body size began to increase dramatically. During this rapid growth phase, a young T. rex would gain an average of 600 kg (1,300 lb) a year for the next four years. At 18 years of age, the curve plateaus again, indicating that growth slowed dramatically.

For example, only 600 kg (1,300 lb) separated the 28-year-old Sue from a 22-year-old Canadian specimen (RTMP 81.12.1). A 2004 histological study performed by different workers corroborates these results, finding that rapid growth began to slow at around 16 years of age.A study by Hutchinson and colleagues in 2011 corroborated the previous estimation methods in general, but their estimation of peak growth rates is significantly higher; it found that the "maximum growth rates for T. rex during the exponential stage are 1790 kg/year".

Although these results were much higher than previous estimations, the authors noted that these results significantly lowered the great difference between its actual growth rate and the one which would be expected of an animal of its size.The sudden change in growth rate at the end of the growth spurt may indicate physical maturity, a hypothesis which is supported by the discovery of medullary tissue in the femur of a 16 to 20-year-old T. rex from Montana (MOR 1125, also known as B-rex). Medullary tissue is found only in female birds during ovulation, indicating that B-rex was of reproductive age. Further study indicates an age of 18 for this specimen. In 2016, it was finally confirmed by Mary Higby Schweitzer and Lindsay Zanno and colleagues that the soft tissue within the femur of MOR 1125 was medullary tissue. This also confirmed the identity of the specimen as a female. The discovery of medullary bone tissue within Tyrannosaurus may prove valuable in determining the sex of other dinosaur species in future examinations, as the chemical makeup of medullary tissue is unmistakable.] Other tyrannosaurids exhibit extremely similar growth curves, although with lower growth rates corresponding to their lower adult sizes.

A powerful bite, strong teeth and repeated crunching. This is what allowed Tyrannosaurus rex to pulverize the bones of its prey. That’s the conclusion of a new analysis of the giant predator’s chomp.Bones have an inner cavity containing marrow and other nutrients. To access those goodies, some animals crunch through the dense outer protective layer of bone. Most do so by clamping their jaws together to crush the bone. Some meat-eating mammals, like spotted hyenas and gray wolves, can do this.

But bone-crushing is unknown among living reptiles. Their upper and lower teeth simply don’t fit together in a way that allows them to clamp. Instead, most modern reptilian predators swallow bones whole to get at the nutrients.Fossil evidence suggests tyrannosaurs, including T. rex, somehow pulverized the bones of their prey.

But their teeth didn’t fit together like mammals’ do. So how did they crush those bones?Paul Gignac and Gregory Erickson teamed up to figure this out. Gignac studies body structure as an anatomist at Oklahoma State University in Tulsa. And Erickson is a vertebrate paleontologist at Florida State University in Tallahassee. That means he specializes in fossils of animals with backbones.Together, the two looked at fossils of the teeth from T. rex and at this dino’s prey. The duo also measured the bite strength of living dino relatives. For that, they studied birds — the only living dinosaurs. They also studied crocodiles, which are dinosaurs’ closest living relatives. From these, the researchers estimated the chomping force of a T. rex bite. They also predicted how much pressure the dinos’ teeth could exert at their tips.A single bite could deliver a force up to 34,000 newtons, they now estimate. (A newton is a measure of force.) That’s more than twice the bite strength of a croc, the strongest living chomper.

They also showed that the dinos’ teeth could exert intense pressure at their tips. That pressure could reach up to 3 billion pascals, the scientists estimate. (A pascal measures pressure, or the amount of force applied on an area.)T. rex could crush bones thanks to that bite strength and the shape of its teeth, the scientists say. The massive pressure from those teeth helped create cracks that weakened bones. T. rex would also chomp over and over in the same spot to break bones.These advantages may have helped the predator get the most out of its prey. Gignac and Erickson described their findings on October 20 here, in New Mexico, at the annual meeting of the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology.

Like other tyrannosaurids, Tyrannosaurus was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. Relative to its large and powerful hind limbs, Tyrannosaurus forelimbs were short but unusually powerful for their size and had two clawed digits.Paleontologists think feathers may have first evolved to keep dinosaurs warm. But while a young T. rex probably had a thin coat of downy feathers, an adult T. ... rex or modern elephants--generate a great deal of body heat so they usually don't need hair or feathers to keep warm.T. rex left footprints 1.55 feet (46 cm) long (although its feet were much longer, about 3.3 feet (1 m) long; T. rex, like other dinosaurs, walked on its toes). It had a stride length of up to 12 to 15 feet (3.7-4.6 m).

This dinosaur is at a Height (at head) of 6 meters, at a length of 13 meters, at a weight of 6 - 8 tons, and has a diet which are large and sometimes armored dinosaurs(both scavenger and predator.). Has a bite force of 6.5 tons, and has over 60 - 20 cm long teeth, and can tear off 60 kilograms of flesh, and could kick and ram. Some advantages for it is that it is more muscular and it has a stronger bite force, and has a larger and smarter brain than a spinosaurus, and has excellent vision, and is used to hunting dangerous prey. Even though it's strong, it still has some disadvantages like, it has smaller and weaker arms that have small claws, and it's smaller than a Spinasaurus. Yet still it's strong in many ways.Tyrannosaurus rex was one of the most ferocious predators to ever walk the Earth. With a massive body, sharp teeth, and jaws so powerful they could crush a car, this famous carnivore dominated the forested river valleys in western North America during the late Cretaceous period, 68 million years ago.Although T. rex is a household name, what we know about this tyrannosaur is constantly evolving. Improved technologies, such as biomechanical modeling and x-ray imaging, have allowed scientists to gain a deeper understanding of how this apex predator lived.

Tyrannosaurus rex, whose name means “king of the tyrant lizards,” was built to rule. This dinosaur’s muscular body stretched as long as 40 feet—about the size of a school bus—from its snout to the tip of its powerful tail. Weighing up to eight tons, T. rex stomped headfirst across its territory on two strong legs. These dinosaurs likely preyed on living animals and scavenged carcasses—and sometimes they even ate one another.The head of a T. rex was the real stuff of nightmares. This fierce carnivore was optimally built for crunching through its meals, with a stiff skull that allowed it to channel all the force of its muscles into one bite—delivering up to six tons of pressure. This dinosaur used its 60 serrated teeth, each about eight inches long, to pierce and grip flesh, throwing prey into the air and swallowing it whole. To keep itself from overheating while crushing prey with its mighty jaws, the giant animal had vents in its head to help its brain stay cool, similar to those found in alligators.Tyrannosaurus rex was also adept at finding its prey thanks to a keen sense of smell. While scientists have known for a while that this dinosaur devoted large portions of its brain to processing smell, studies have recently revealed that T. rex had almost as many genes encoding its olfactory receptors as a house cat does today. This powerful snout also likely helped T. rex find mates and detect other predators.

Weakness

Not everything about Tyrannosaurus rex was fierce, however. This dinosaur had unexpectedly puny arms, and the function of these little limbs is a source of debate among scientists. Some believe the animal’s arms were an evolutionary leftover—like the pelvic bones of a snake—or served non-predatory purposes like helping it grip a mate. Others argue that T. rex’s arms may have been adapted for “vicious slashing” at close quarters, given their ability to inflict deep wounds with four-inch claws.And while they had strong thighs, these dinosaurs were not speedy.

They could only walk briskly at up to 12 miles an hour—likely not fast enough to chase a speeding Jeep, as depicted in the movie Jurassic Park. Using biomechanical models, scientists have theorized that if these heavy animals moved any faster, they would have shattered the bones in their feet.

The biggest T.Rex ever found(in Canada)

Paleontologists have unearthed the largest Tyrannosaurus rex fossil ever discovered, researchers say.The massive predator, nicknamed “Scotty,” was about 42 feet long and likely weighed more than 9.7 tons, according to the study published last week in the peer-reviewed journal The Anatomical Record. Not only is the massive specimen the biggest T. rex ever found, it’s also larger than all other carnivorous dinosaurs.“This is the rex of rexes,” said study author W. Scott Persons in a news release. “There is considerable size variability among Tyrannosaurus. Some individuals were luckier than others and some were more robust.

Scotty exemplifies the robust.”The fossil was nicknamed after a celebratory bottle of scotch opened the night it was discovered in Canada. Although the bones were found in 1991, it took more than a decade to excavate them from the surrounding hard sandstone.Scotty died at around 28 years old in Saskatchewan about 66 million years ago, the study says. Most T. rexes grew fast and died young, making Scotty the oldest of its kind.“You can get an idea of how old a dinosaur is by cutting into its bones and studying its growth patterns.

Scotty is all old growth,” Persons said. “By Tyrannosaurus standards, it had an unusually long life. And it was a violent one.”Scotty’s bones bear the scars of numerous injuries including a broken rib, an infected jaw and a bite that appears to be from another T. rex on its tail.The skeleton, which is about 65 percent complete, is scheduled to go on display in May at the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.

Intresting Facts About the T - Rex That You Might Not Know

Although T. rex is the most popular Tyrannosaur, approximately 9 others ruled at the end cretaceous and were just as fierce. These members of the Tyrannosaur family are only found on the island continent of Laramidia (Western North America) and Asia.

The 9 of them are:

• Tyrannosaurus Rex
• Nanotyrannosaurus Lancensis
• Daspletosaurus Torosus
• Bistahieversor Sealeyi
• Lythronax Argestes
• Teratophoneus Curriei
• Nanuqsaurus Hoglundi
• Tarbosaurus Bataar
• Zhuchengtyrannus Magnus

A Tyrannosaurus Rex might be known for its ferocious bite, but now scientists say a caiman that lived eight million years ago, had a bite TWICE as powerful.Known as Purussaurus brasiliensis, the reptilian predator lived in the Amazon region in South America."The Purussaurus and the Tyrannosaurus lived in different ages but there's no doubt the Purussaurus would have won a fight between the two of them," said Aline Ghilardi, one of the Brazilian researchers who did the study.

Caimans are like alligators - and some species are still around today, though nowhere near the size of this one - which grow to over 12 metres long.Scientists say the strength of its jaws was 20 times that of a Great white shark's bite, and its head was a better shape for biting than a T-Rex's, so it could have eaten larger prey.And the reptile needed to eat more than 40kg of meat a day: that's 20 times the amount modern-day alligators eat.

Rex lived only in North America and Asia. There is fossil evidence to show that the T-Rex lived in what is now Montana and Wyoming. But, Scientists have recently discovered a hip bone belonging to an ancestor of the magnificent T Rex at Dinosaur Cove in Victoria, Australia.T. rex lived in a humid, semi-tropical environment, in open forests with nearby rivers and in coastal forested swamps. The seasons were mild. Until recently, Tyrannosaurus rex was the biggest known carnivorous dinosaur; Giganotosaurus and Carcharodontosaurus are slightly bigger.

The Tyrannosaurus had a life span of around 30 years. Tyrannosaurus is from the Greek word meaning Tyrant Lizard The dinosaur has many similar features to birds. One thought is that they were warm-blooded like birds, rather than cold-blooded like reptiles. Its arms were too short to reach its mouth. It lived in North America in river valleys and forests. It could probably eat as much as 500 pounds of meat in a single bite. The Chicago museum purchased the famous Tyrannosaurus Sue fossil for $8 million. Their babies may have been covered in feathers.